Category: australia

Australia – officially the Commonwealth of Australia,

is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world’s sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.

Australia’s capital is Canberra,

and its largest urban area is Sydney. For about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. After the European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia’s eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788.

Австралия занимает высокое место во многих сферах, таких как качество жизни, здоровье, образование, экономическая свобода, защита гражданских свобод и политических прав. Основное природное богатство страны — минеральные ресурсы. Обеспеченность Австралии природно-ресурсным потенциалом в 20 раз выше среднемирового показателя. Хотя большую часть континента занимают полупустыни и пустыни, в Австралии имеются разнообразные ландшафты от аналогичных альпийским лугам до тропических джунглей.