Category: indonesia
Indonesia – officially the Republic of Indonesia is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.
Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world’s largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands.
At 1,904,569 square kilometres -735,358 square miles, Indonesia is the world’s 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world’s 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world’s fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world’s most populous island, Java, contains more than half of the country’s population. Indonesia’s republican form of government includes an elected legislature and president. Indonesia has 34 provinces, of which five have Special Administrative status. Its capital and most populous city is Jakarta, which is also the most populous city in Southeast Asia.
The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia. Other neighbouring countries include Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world’s third highest level of biodiversity. The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Agriculture mainly produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices and rubber. Indonesia’s major trading partners are Japan, the United States, China and neighbours Singapore, Malaysia and Australia.
Основные институты индонезийской государственности были сформированы в первые годы независимого развития страны. Вместе с тем, правовые нормы их функционирования претерпели значительные изменения в ходе либерально-демократических преобразований конца 1990-х – начала 2000-х годов.
Эти изменения осуществлялись как путём внесения упомянутых поправок в конституцию, так через принятие пакета правовых актов, известных в Индонезии как «Политические законы».
Основными итогами реформ стали отход вооружённых сил от политической деятельности, введение в стране реальной многопартийности и прямых президентских выборов, повышение роли законодательных органов власти.
