Category: italy

Italy – officially the Italian Republic,

is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea,

Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City.

Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 -116,347 sq mi- and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as lo Stivale -the Boot. With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state. Since classical times, ancient Carthaginians, Phoenicians, and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans, Celts and Germanic peoples such as Vandals inhabiting the centre and north of Italy respectively and various different ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy. The Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated other nearby civilisations. Rome ultimately emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean basin, conquering much of the ancient world and becoming the leading cultural, political, and religious centre of Western civilisation. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the global distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity and the Latin script.

Началом Эпохи Возрождения в Италии принято считать 1401 год, когда был проведён конкурс на выполнение рельефа дверей флорентийского баптистерия. Среди участников конкурса были

архитектор Филиппо Брунеллески,

который стал автором проекта купола флорентийского собора, и скульптор Лоренцо Гиберти. Победителем конкурса стал мастер новой эпохи Гиберти.